Stem Cell: A Brief Review

Abstract

Stem cells were the object of great excitement and controversy between scientists as well as the general population. Surprisingly, however, not everyone knows the fundamental characteristics of stem cells, let alone the fact that more than one sort of cell falls into the category of "stem cell." Stem cells have the notable ability to grow into many distinct kinds of cells, mainly unlimited to replenish other cells as long as the individual or animal is still alive, providing enormous hope of curing Alzheimer's illness, repairing damaged spinal cords, treating kidney, liver and lung illnesses, and making damaged hearts whole. Scientists have previously worked primarily with two types of animal and human stem cells: embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic "somatic" or "adult" stem cells. Recent breakthroughs enable specialized adult cells to be converted or "reprogrammed" to assume a stem-like cell with various techniques.