Using Microalgae for Biofuel Applications

Abstract

Microalgae are microscopic algae (kingdom Protista) which are unicellular autotrophic organisms that perform photosynthesis and are highly specialized to the water environment which can convert CO2 into lipid which after esterification can be utilized as an energy source. This kind of algae contributes up to 60% of the oxygen contained in the earth's atmosphere by absorbing CO2 and releasing O2 during photosynthesis. Micro algae are found abundantly in the natural environment and they also have the ability to survive in adverse conditions. This review focused on the factors of cultivation, harvesting, extraction and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuel. The cons of the applications are transportation of inputs, limited location and costs expensive. The pros of this application include high carbon sequestration, additional water treatment, higher lipid yields etc. Microalgae are feasible as a biofuel stock by taking the cultivation technique into consideration. In addition to biofuel these also offer benefits in pharmaceuticals industries and waste water treatments which is also our part of discussion.