Antiepileptic Drugs: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37628/ijcbb.v3i1.170Abstract
The serendipitous discovery of the anticonvulsant properties of phenobarbital in 1912 set apart by the establishment of the modern-day pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. The subsequent 70 years saw the introduction of drugs such as phenytoin, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and a range of benzodiazepines. Collectively, these compounds have come to be regarded as the ‘established’ antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These drugs have contributed prolifically in the field of pharmacology.References
T. Glauser, E. Ben-Menachem, B. Bourgeois, A. Cnaan, D. Chadwick, C. Guerreiro, R. Kalviainen, Epilepsy, N Engl J Med. 2006; 17(2): 199–212p.
J.A. Cramer, D.B. Smith, R.H. Mattson, et al. A method of quantification for the evaluation of antiepileptic drug therapy, Neurology. 1983; 33: 26–37p.
R. Mattson, J.A. Cramer, J.F. Collins, et al. A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults, N Engl J Med. 1992; 327: 765–71p.
D.B. Smith, R.H. Mattson, J.A. Cramer, et al. Results of a nationwide Veterans Administration cooperative study comparing the efficacy and toxicity of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone, Epilepsia. 1987; 28(Suppl. 3): S50–8p.
P. Kwan, G.J. Sills, M.J. Brodie. The mechanisms of action of commonly used antiepileptic drugs, Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 90: 21–34p.
O.A. Petroff, D.L. Rothman, K.L. Behar, et al. The effect of gabapentin on brain gamma aminobutyric acid in patients with epilepsy, Ann Neurol. 1996; 39: 95–9p.
H. Stefan, Y. Wang, E. Pauli, et al. A new approach in anti-epileptic drug evaluation, Eur J Neurol. 2004; 11: 467–73p.
J.A. French, A.M. Kanner, J. Bautista, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II:Treatment of refractory epilepsy, Neurology. 2004; 62: 1261–73p.
E. Perucca. Clinical Pharmacology and therapeutic use of the new antiepileptic drugs, Fund Clin Pharmacol. 2001; 15: 405–17p.
R. Mattson, J.A. Cramer, J.F. Collins, et al. A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults, N Engl J Med. 1992; 327: 765–1p.
B.F. Shneker, N.B. Fountain. Epilepsy, Dis Mon 2003; 49: 426–78p.
M.A. Rogawski. AMPA receptors as a molecular target in epilepsy therapy, Acta Neurol Scand. 2013; 197 (suppl): 9–18p.
Meador KJ. Cognitive outcomes and predictive factors in epilepsy. Neurology 2002;58:S21–S26.
Rogawski MA, Löscher W. The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004; 5: 553:64.
Mattson R, Perucca E, Tomson T. (2006) ILAE treatment guidelines: evidence-based analysis of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes. Epilepsia 47:1094–1120.
White HS. Preclinical Development of Antiepileptic Drugs: Past, Present and Future Directions. Epilepsia 2003; 44(suppl 7):2-8.
Meldrum BS, ROGAWSKI MA. Molecular targets for antiepileptic drug development. Neurotherapeutics 2007: 4:18:61.
