Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS INVOLVED IN ORAL CANCER

Gourav Upadhyay

Abstract


Nowadays chemotherapy is a very common practice that is performed for the elimination of cancerous cells from our body. Chemotherapy involves using of Chemotherapeutic agent that plays a very important role in putting a stop to the growth of a cancer cell. They can be further classified into chemotherapeutic drugs and dietary fibers having antineoplastic properties. Oral cancer is one of the major deaths causes in the world and caused by many reasons such as tobacco (major cause), mutations, HPV (human papillomavirus) etc. chemotherapeutic agents helps in regressing the pace of growth of these cancerous cells by targeting a particular gene or the whole DNA or RNA.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Montero PH, Patel SG. Cancer of the oral cavity. Surg Oncol Clin. 2015;24(3):491-508.

Ghantous Y, Elnaaj A, others. Global incidence and risk factors of oral cancer. Harefuah. 2017;156(10):645–649.

Wong TSC, Wiesenfeld D. Oral cancer. Aust Dent J. 2018;63:S91–S99.

Zain RB, Fukano F, Razak IA, et al. Risk factors for oral leukoplakia: a comparison of two ethnic groups in Malaysia. Oral Oncol. 1999;6:207–210.

Medically reviewed by Helen Chen M—W by BK. Chemotherapy: Uses, Side Effects, and Procedure. Published 2020. https://www.healthline.com/health/chemotherapy

webmd. Chemotherapy for Cancer: How It Works, Chemo Side Effects. Published 2017. https://www.webmd.com/cancer/chemotherapy-what-to-expect#1

Campbell O, Gagnon J, Rubin JE. Antibacterial activity of chemotherapeutic drugs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2019;69(5):353–357.

Chemotherapy for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer. American Cancer Society. Published 2016. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/oral-cavity-and-oropharyngeal-cancer/treating/chemotherap

y.html

O'neill VJ, Twelves CJ. Oral cancer treatment: developments in chemotherapy and beyond. British journal of cancer. 2002 Oct;87(9):933–7.

Manohar S, Leung N. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a review of the literature. J Nephrol. 2018;31(1):15–25.

DrugBank Online. Cisplatin | DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00515

Ghosh S. Cisplatin: The first metal based anticancer drug. Bioorganic chemistry. 2019 Jul 1;88:102925.

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL. How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5(12):993–996.

Khalaila I, Bergamo A, Bussy F, Sava G, Dyson PJ. The role of cisplatin and NAMI-A plasma-protein interactions in relation to combination therapy. Int J Oncol. 2006;29(1):261–268.

Xi Z, Guo W, Tian C, Wang F, Liu Y. Copper binding modulates the platination of human copper chaperone ATOX1 by antitumor trans-platinum complexes. Metallomics. 2014;6(3):491–497.

Kartalou M, Samson LD, Essigmann JM. Cisplatin adducts inhibit 1, N 6-ethenoadenine repair by interacting with the human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase. Biochemistry. 2000;39(27):8032–8038.

Lokich J, Anderson N. Carboplatin versus cisplatin in solid tumors: an analysis of the literature. Ann Oncol. 1998;9(1):13–21.

Carboplatin | DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00958

Fox LE. Carboplatin. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 2000 Jan 1;36(1):13–4.

Bui AD, Grob SR, Tao JP. 5-Fluorouracil management of oculofacial scars: a systematic literature review. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;36(3):222–230.

Fluorouracil | DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00544

Ragunathan N, Dairou J, Pluvinage B, et al. Identification of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 as a new target of cisplatin in breast cancer cells: molecular and cellular mechanisms of inhibition. Mol Pharmacol. 2008;73(6):1761–1768.

Ploylearmsaeng S, Fuhr U, Jetter A. How may anticancer chemotherapy with fluorouracil be individualised? Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(6):567–592.

Wyatt MD, Wilson DM 3rd. Participation of DNA repair in the response to 5-fluorouracil. Cell Mol life Sci. 2009;66(5):788–799.

Ghoshal K, Jacob ST. An alternative molecular mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil, a potent anticancer drug. Biochem Pharmacol. 1997;53(11):1569–1575.

Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG. 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev cancer. 2003;3(5):330–338.

Stage TB, Bergmann TK, Kroetz DL. Clinical pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel monotherapy: an updated literature review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57(1):7–19.

Paclitaxel | DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01229

Alkahtani HM, AlQuadeib BT. Fulwah Yahya Alqahtani, Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy, Eram El Tahir.

Thomadaki H, Talieri M, Scorilas A. Treatment of MCF–7 cells with taxol and etoposide induces distinct alterations in the expression of apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BCL2L12, BAX, CASPASE–9 and FAS. Biol Chem. 2006;387(8):1081–1086.

McGrogan BT, Gilmartin B, Carney DN, McCann A. Taxanes, microtubules and chemoresistant breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Reviews Cancer. 2008;1785(2):96–132.

Harmsen S, Meijerman I, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Nuclear receptor mediated induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by anticancer drugs: a key role for the pregnane X receptor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009;64(1):35.

Cortes JE, Pazdur R. Docetaxel. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1995 Oct;13(10):2643-55.

Tagde P, Najda A, Nagpal K, Kulkarni GT, Shah M, Ullah O, Balant S, Rahman MH. Nanomedicine-Based Delivery Strategies for Breast Cancer Treatment and Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022 Mar 5;23(5):2856.

De Benedittis M, Petruzzi M, Giardina C, Lo Muzio L, Favia G, Serpico R. Oral squamous cell carcinoma during long-term treatment with hydroxyurea. Clin Exp Dermatology Clin dermatology. 2004;29(6):605–607.

Hydroxyurea | DrugBank Online. Published 2020. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01005

Timson J. Hydroxyurea. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology. 1975 Jan 1;32(2):115–31.

Jiang W, Xie J, Varano PT, Krebs C, Bollinger Jr JM. Two distinct mechanisms of inactivation of the class Ic ribonucleotide reductase from Chlamydia trachomatis by hydroxyurea: implications for the protein gating of intersubunit electron transfer. Biochemistry. 2010;49(25):5340–5349.

Lester RS. Methotrexate. Clin Dermatol. 1989;7(3):128–135.

Methotrexate | DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00563

O'Marcaigh AS, Betcher DL. Methotrexate. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 1993 Oct;10(4):158–60.

Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ. TTD: therapeutic target database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30(1):412–415.

Inoue K, Yuasa H. Molecular basis for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. Published online 2013:DMPK–13.

Cook ML. Chapter 2. Literature Review.; 2016. doi:10.3726/978–1–4539–1398–7/15

Bleomycin _ DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00290

Takita T, Muraoka Y, Nakatani T, et al. Chemistry of bleomycin. XIX Revised structures of bleomycin and phleomycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1978;31(8):801–804.

Rose JL, Reeves KC, Likhotvorik RI, Hoyt DG. Base excision repair proteins are required for integrin-mediated suppression of bleomycin-induced DNA breakage in murine lung endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007;321(1):318–326.

Ma Q, Akiyama Y, Xu Z, Konishi K, Hecht SM. Identification and cleavage site analysis of DNA sequences bound strongly by bleomycin. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131(5):2013–2022.

Walko CM, Lindley C. Capecitabine: a review. Clinical therapeutics. 2005 Jan 1;27(1):23–44.

Capecitabine _ DrugBank Online. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01101

Malińska M, Krzeczyński P, Czerniec-Michalik E, Trzcińska K, Cmoch P, Kutner A, Woźniak K. Crystal structure and tautomerism of capecitabine. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014 Feb 1;103(2):587–93.

The Scott Hamilton CARES initiative. Cisplatin - Drug Information - Chemocare. Cancer Alliance for Research, Education and Survivorship. Published 2014. http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/cisplatin.aspx

Stevenson MM, Anand J, Braden CD, Harris JE. Oral cavity cancer treatment protocols: treatment protocols. Published 2013. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047890-overview

Erdogan S, Tosyali E, Duzguner V, Kucukgul A, Aslantas O, Celik S. Cisplatin reduces Brucella melitensis-infected cell number by inducing apoptosis, oxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Res Vet Sci. 2010;88(2):218–226.

Yilmaz HR, Sogut S, Ozyurt B, et al. The activities of liver adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide after cisplatin toxicity in rats: protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Toxicol Ind Health. 2005;21(1–2):67–73.

Nakamura M, Imaoka S, Tanaka E, Misawa S, Funae Y. cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum induces peroxisomes as well as CYP4A1 in rat kidney. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1998;99(1):23–32.

Tusgaard B, Nørregaard R, Jensen AM, et al. Cisplatin decreases renal cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activity in rats. Acta Physiol. 2011;202(1):79–90.

Mašek V, Anzenbacherová E, Machová M, Brabec V, Anzenbacher P. Interaction of antitumor platinum complexes with human liver microsomal cytochromes P450. Anticancer Drugs. 2009;20(5):305–311.

Walsky RL, Astuccio A V, Obach RS. Evaluation of 227 drugs for in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 2B6. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(12):1426–1438.

Bodur E. Human serum butyrylcholinesterase interactions with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. Biochimie. 2010;92(8):979–984.

Peters U, Preisler-Adams S, Hebeisen A, et al. Glutathione S-transferase genetic polymorphisms and individual sensitivity to the ototoxic effect of cisplatin. Anticancer Drugs. 2000;11(8):639–643.

Meijer C, Timmer A, De Vries EGE, et al. Role of metallothionein in cisplatin sensitivity of germ-cell tumours. Int J cancer. 2000;85(6):777–781.

Chemocare. Carboplatin - Drug Information - Chemocare. Published 2019. http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/carboplatin.aspx

Chemocare. Fluorouracil - Drug Information - Chemocare. Published 2020. http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/fluorouracil.aspx

Gunes A, Coskun U, Boruban C, et al. Inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in cancer patients. Basic & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol. 2006;98(2):197–200.

Komatsu T, Yamazaki H, Shimada N, Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Roles of cytochromes P450 1A2, 2A6, and 2C8 in 5-fluorouracil formation from tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000;28(12):1457–1463.

Scartozzi M, Maccaroni E, Giampieri R, et al. 5-Fluorouracil pharmacogenomics: still rocking after all these years? Pharmacogenomics. 2011;12(2):251–265.

Ho DH, Townsend L, Luna MA, Bodey GP. Distribution and inhibition of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase activities in human tissues using 5-fluorouracil as a substrate. Anticancer Res. 1986;6(4):781–784.

Yan R, Wan L, Pizzorno G, Cao D. Uridine phosphorylase in breast cancer: a new prognostic factor. Front Biosci. 2006;11:2759–2766.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) _ Breast Cancer Now. https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/facing-breast-cancer/going-through-treatment-breast-cancer/chemotherapy/paclitaxel-taxol

Fischer V, Rodr’iguez-Gascón A, Heitz F, et al. The multidrug resistance modulator valspodar (PSC 833) is metabolized by human cytochrome P450 3A: implications for drug-drug interactions and pharmacological activity of the main metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos. 1998;26(8):802–811.

David F. CYTOCHROME P450 DRUG INTERACTION TABLE - Drug Interactions. Indiana University - Department of Medicine - Clinical Pharmacology. Published 2020. https://drug-interactions.medicine.iu.edu/MainTable.aspx

Purohit A, Singh A, Ghilchik MW, Reed MJ. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor $α$-stimulated aromatase activity by microtubule-stabilizing agents, paclitaxel and 2-methoxyestradiol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;261(1):214–217.

Rochat B, Morsman JM, Murray GI, Figg WD, McLeod HL. Human CYP1B1 and anticancer agent metabolism: mechanism for tumor-specific drug inactivation? J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;296(2):537–541.

Docetaxel (Taxotere) _ Breast Cancer Now. https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/facing-breast-cancer/going-through-treatment-breast-cancer/chemotherapy/docetaxel-taxotere

Hydroxyurea - Drug Information - Chemocare. http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/hydroxyurea.aspx

Brousseau DC, McCarver DG, Drendel AL, Divakaran K, Panepinto JA. The effect of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on the response to pain treatment for pediatric sickle cell pain crisis. J Pediatr. 2007;150(6):623-626.

Methotrexate: MedlinePlus Drug Information. MedlinePlus. Published 2014. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682019.html#why

Vecht CJ, Wagner GL, Wilms EB. Interactions between antiepileptic and chemotherapeutic drugs. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2(7):404–409.

Hider SL, Bruce IN, Thomson W. The pharmacogenetics of methotrexate. Rheumatology. 2007;46(10):1520–1524.

Zientek M, Jiang Y, Youdim K, Obach RS. In vitro-in vivo correlation for intrinsic clearance for drugs metabolized by human aldehyde oxidase. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010;38(8):1322–1327.

Akkemik E, Budak H, Ciftci M. Effects of some drugs on human erythrocyte 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase: an in vitro study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2010;25(4):476–479.

Bleomycin - Drug Information - Chemocare. http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/bleomycin.aspx

(bleomycin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. https://reference.medscape.com/drug/bleomycin-342113

Lazo JS, Boland CJ, Schwartz PE. Bleomycin hydrolase activity and cytotoxicity in human tumors. Cancer Res. 1982;42(10):4026–4031.

Capecitabine - Drug Information - Chemocare. Published 2016. http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/drug-info/capecitabine.aspx

Hoffman-LaRoche Inc. XELODA (Capecitabine) Tablets, for Oral Use - 020896s037lbl.Pdf.; 2015. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020896s037lbl.pdf

Tsukamoto Y, Kato Y, Ura M, et al. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis of capecitabine, a triple prodrug of 5-FU, in humans: the mechanism for tumor-selective accumulation of 5-FU. Pharm Res. 2001;18(8):1190–1202.

Endo M, Miwa M, Eda H, et al. Augmentation of the antitumor activity of capecitabine by a tumor selective dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitor, RO0094889. Int J cancer. 2003;106(5):799–805.

Slavin JL, Lloyd B. Health benefits of fruits and vegetables. Adv Nutr 2012; 3 (4): 506–516.

Aggarwal BB, Shishodia S. Guggulsterone inhibits NF-kappa and lkappaBalpha kinase activation, suppresses expression of anti-apoptotic gene products, and enhances apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71:1397–1421.

Danaraddi S, Koneru A, Hunasgi S, Ramalu S, Vanishree M, others. Natural ways to prevent and treat oral cancer. J Oral Res Rev. 2014;6(1):34.

Olsen N. Beta Carotene: Benefits, Foods to Eat, and More. Published 2018. https://www.healthline.com/health/beta-carotene-benefits

Nagao T, Warnakulasuriya S, Nakamura T, et al. Treatment of oral leukoplakia with a low-dose of beta-carotene and vitamin C supplements: A randomized controlled trial. Int J cancer. 2015;136(7):1708–1717.

Shetti N, Patil R. Antioxidants: its beneficial role against health damaging free radical. World J Sci Technol. 2011;1(11):46–51.

Reddy ES. Role of antioxidants in precancerous lesions. JIDA. 2011;3(1):99–101.

Hara Y. Green tea: health benefits and applications. CRC press; 2001 Feb 2.

Toma S, Mangiante PE, Margarino G, Nicolo G, Palumbo R. Progressive 13-cis-retinoic acid dosage in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Eur J Cancer Part B Oral Oncol. 1992;28(2):121–123.

Thriveni R, Praveen AH, others. Effects of natural beta-carotene and commercially available combination of beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and minerals: A prospective comparative study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2011;23(4):554.

Fage‐Butler AM, Nisbeth Jensen M. Medical terminology in online patient–patient communication: evidence of high health literacy?. Health expectations. 2016 Jun;19(3):643–53.

IqubAl MA, KhAn M, KuMAr P, KuMAr A, AjAI K. Role of vitamin E in prevention of oral cancer:-a review. J Clin diagnostic Res JCDR. 2014;8(10):ZE05.

Glutathione dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more.

Dutta KR, Banerjee S, Mitra A. Medicinal plants of West midnapore, India: emphasis on phytochemical containment having role on oral cancer. Int J Phytopharm. 2012;3(2):198–208.

Leech J. 10 Health Benefits of Spirulina. Healthline. Published 2017. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-proven-benefits-of-spirulina#section2

Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan R, Nair PP, Varghese C, Somanathan T, Amma BP, Amma NS, Nair MK. Evaluation of chemoprevention of oral cancer with Spirulina fusiformis.

Cabrera C, Artacho R, Giménez R. Beneficial effects of green tea—a review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25(2):79-99.

Ramshankar V, Krishnamurthy A. Chemoprevention of oral cancer: Green tea experience. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014;5(1):3.

Yoon AJ, Shen J, Santella RM, et al. Topical application of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for prevention of recurrent oral neoplastic lesions. J Orofac Sci. 2012;4(10):43.

Tsao AS, Liu D, Martin J, et al. Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extract in patients with high-risk oral premalignant lesions. Cancer Prev Res. 2009;2(11):931–941.

Story EN, Kopec RE, Schwartz SJ, Harris GK. An update on the health effects of tomato lycopene. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2010;1:189–210.

Gupta S, Jawanda MK, Arora V, Mehta N, Yadav V. Role of lycopene in preventing oral diseases as a nonsurgical aid of treatment. Int J Prev Med. 2015;6.

Livny O, Kaplan I, Reifen R, Polak-Charcon S, Madar Z, Schwartz B. Lycopene inhibits proliferation and enhances gap-junction communication of KB-1 human oral tumor cells. J Nutr. 2002;132(12):3754–3759.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology | SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/bookseries/5584

Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB. Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013;15(1):195–218.

Devasagayam TPA, Tilak JC, Boloor KK, et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. Japi. 2004;52(794804):4.

Chang ST, Buswell JA. Mushroom nutriceuticals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 1996;12(5):473–476.

Kidd PM. The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(1):4–27.

Vitamins and minerals - Food and nutrition | NHS inform. Published 2017. https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/food-and-nutrition/eating-well/vitamins-and-minerals

Borek C. Antioxidants and radiation therapy. The Journal of nutrition. 2004 Nov 1;134(11):3207S–9S.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.