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Mitochondria, A Semi Autonomously Replicating Organelle

Nandini Sharma

Abstract


Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genomes (mtDNA) that are mostly responsible for the creation of energy in the form of cellular ATP. Mitochondria are maternally inherited, semi-autonomous organelles with their own genomes (mtDNA), transcription apparatus, and protein synthesis machinery. The genome, on the other hand, only codes for a few products; the rest is coded by the nuclear genetic system and translated by the cytoplasmic protein synthesising machinery. The importance of mitochondria as an autonomous organelle is discussed in this review. Mitochondrial DNA molecules have been discovered to contain all the features of products of regular bidirectional replication, demonstrating that the replication mechanism and regulation in mitochondria is complex, as befits a genome that plays such an important role in human health and longevity. Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus. They are produced as precursors in the cytosol and must be transported into mitochondria with the mitochondrial complex.


Keywords


Replication, cytoplasm, cytosol, transcription, replication fork, translation

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References


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