Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme activity ofwheat during grain filling period under conservation agriculture management

Brijesh Kumar, Avinash Tiwari, Yashpal Singh Saharawat, Yashpal Singh Saharawat, M. L. Jat, M. L. Jat, Andrew J. McDonald, Andrew J. McDonald

Abstract


For smooth and wider adoption of conservation agriculture (CA), remaining uncertainties about its impacts on quality crop yield need to be reduced through study of physiological performance. The objectives of this study were to examine the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme activity in flag leaves of wheat as an important factor influencing future grain quality during the grain filling period. This study, carried out over two consecutive wheat growth seasons (rabi season 2012/2013 and 2013/2014), examined how edaphic factor that was influenced by reduced tillage, crop residue retention and crop rotation, brought physiological contents in leaves of the wheat. Results found that the lowest level of LOX activity was found 0.65 (µmol linoleic acid oxidized mg protein-1 min-1) in flag leaves of wheat, in which conventional agriculture practiced while highest level of activity was found 2.14, in which conservation agriculture practice adopted and there was significant difference recorded. Due to multiple function of lipoxygenase as physiological process in growth and development, defense system to pathogen, wound stress, flavor formation of bread and aroma production as well as signal molecules, and adverse implications for the grain color and antioxidant status of plant-based foods, the determination of LOX activity is necessary in wheat growing in different agricultural management.

Keywords: Wheat, lipoxygenase, zero-tillage, residue retention, growth and development

Keywords


Wheat, lipoxygenase, Zero-tillage, Residue retention, growth and development

Full Text:

PDF

References


Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, et al. Agricultural Sustainability and Intensive Production Practices. Nature. 2002; 418(6898): 671–677p.

Pathak H, Aggarwal PK, Roetter R, et al. Modelling the Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Supply, Nutrient Use Efficiency, and Fertilizer Requirements of Wheat in India. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 2003; 65: 105–113p.

Henneron L, Bernard L, Hedde M, et al. Fourteen Years of Evidence for Positive Effects of Conservation Agriculture and Organic Farming on Soil Life. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2014. DOI 10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8

Gathala M, Ladha JK, Balyan V, et al. Effect of Tillage and Crop Establishment Methods on Physical Properties of a Medium-Textured Soil Under 7-Year Rice-Wheat Rotation. Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. J. 2011b; 75(5): 1–12p.

Gathala MK, Ladha JK, Kumar V, et al. Tillage and Crop Establishment Affects Sustainability of South Asian Rice-Wheat System. Agron. J. 2011a; 103: 961–971p.

Saharawat YS, Ladha JK, Pathak H, et al. Simulation of Resource-Conserving Technologies on Productivity, Income and Greenhouse Gas GHG Emission in Rice-Wheat System. J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manage. 2012; 3(1): 9–22p.

Hobbs P, Sayre RK, Gupta R. The Role of Conservation Agriculture in Sustainable Agriculture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2008; 363: 543–555p.

Stevenson JR, Serraj R, Cassman KG. Evaluating Conservation Agriculture for Small-Scale Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Agric, Ecosyst. Environ. 2014; 187: 1–10p.

Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Nawaz, Wakeel A, Saharawat YS, Farooq M. Conservation Agriculture in South Asia. In (Eds.): Conservation Agriculture; Siddique KHM, Farooq M. Springer, 2015; 249–283p.

FAO. Conservation Agriculture. (Web Document). 2013. URL http://www.fao.org/ag/ca/index.html (accessed 30.08.13).

Gathala MK, Virender K, Sharma PC, et al. Optimizing Intensive Cereal-Based Cropping Systems Addressing Current and Future Drivers of Agricultural Change in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Agric, Ecosyst. Environ. 2013; 177(2013): 85–97p.

Kumar B, Tiwari A, Saharawat Y, et al. Understanding the Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Soil Health in Rice-Wheat System of Indo-Gangetic Plains. In: Panday S, Negi MS, Kumar R, et al. (Eds.). Proceedings of National Symposium on “ECM” Technology for Safe, Secure and Profitable Food Production. G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. Oct 10–11, 2014; 171p.

Jat RK, Sapkota TB, Singh Ravi G, et al. Seven Years of Conservation Agriculture in a Rice–Wheat Rotation of Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: Yield Trends and Economic Profitability. Field Crops Res. 2014; 164: 199–210p.

Farooq M, Bramley H, Palta Jairo A, et al. Heat Stress in Wheat during Reproductive and Grain-Filling Phases. Critical Rev. Plant Sci. 2011; 30: 1–17p.

Shahbazi H, Aalii E, Parchehbaf RSA. Physiological Traits Related to Yield of Wheat under Drought Stress in Early, Mid and Late Stages of Grain Filling. Ann. Biol. Res. 2012; 3(6): 2947–2952p.

Mittler R. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Stress Tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 2002; 7: 405–410p.

Rosahl S. Lipoxygenases in Plants-Their Role in Development and Stress Response. Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 1996; 123–138p.

Baysal T, Demirdoven A. Lipoxygenase in Fruits and Vegetables: A Review. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2006.

Ye Z, Rodriguez R, Tran A, et al. The Developmental Transition to Flowering Repress Ascorbate Peroxidase Activity and Induces Enzymatic Lipid Peroxidation in Leaf Tissue in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci. 2000; 158: 115–127p.

Suzuki Y, Matsukura U. Lipoxygenase Activity in Maturing and Germinating Rice Seeds with and without Lipoxygenase-3 in Mature Seeds. Plant Sci. 1997; 125: 119–126p.

Pastore D, Trono D, Padalino L, et al. Inhibition by a-Tocopherol and L-Ascorbate of Linoleate Hydroperoxidation and b-Carotene Bleaching Activities in Durum Wheat Semolina. J. Cereal Sci. 2000; 31: 41–54p.

Williams M, Salas JJ, Sanchez J, et al. Lipoxygenase Pathway in Olive Callus Cultures (Olea europaea). Phytochem. 2000; 53: 13–19p.

Borrelli GM, Troccoli A, Di Fonzo N, et al. Durum Wheat Lipoxygenase Activity and Other Quality Parameters that Affect Pasta Color. Cereal Chem. 1999; 76: 335–340p.

De Vita P, Li Destri Nicosia O, Nigro F, et al. Breeding Progress in Morpho-Physiological, Agronomical and Qualitative Traits of Durum Wheat Cultivars Released in Italy during the XX Century. Eur. J. Agr. 2007; 26(1): 39–53p.

Doderer A, Kokkelink I, van der Veen S, et al. Purification and Characterization of Two Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes from Germinating Barley. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1992; 1120: 97–104p.

Eskin NAM, Grossman S, Pinsky A. (1977). Biochemistry of Lipoxygenase in Relation to Food Quality. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 1992; 9: 1–40p.

Sofo A, Dichioa B, Xiloyannisa C, et al. Lipoxygenase Activity and Proline Accumulation in Leaves and Roots of Olive Trees in Response to Drought Stress. Physiologia Plantarum. 2004; 121: 58–65p.

Verlotta A, De Simone V, Mastrangelo AM, et al. Insight into Durum Wheat Lpx-B1: a Small Gene Family Coding for the Lipoxygenase Responsible for Carotenoid Bleaching in Mature Grains. BMC Plant Biol. 2010; 10: 263p.

Whitaker JR. Handbook of Food Enzymology. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker Incorporated; 2002. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ege.

De Simone V, Soccio M, Borrelli GM, et al. Stay-Green Trait-Antioxidant Status Interrelationship in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) Flag Leaf During Post-Flowering. J Plant Res. 2013. DOI 10.1007/s10265-013-0584-0.

Kaukovirta-Norja A, Reinikainen P, Olkku J, et al. Influence of Barley and Malt Storage on Lipoxygenase Reaction. Cereal Chem. 1998; 75(5): 742–746p.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijpb.v1i1-2.9

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.