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Role of Plant Physiology in the Era of Second Green Revolution

Aayushi Singla, Tarun Sharma

Abstract


The Green Revolution is marked for the increase in food production in developing nations to face the problem of increased food demand, but the used farming techniques made the tropical soil unproductive and decreased biodiversity. This was not sustainable way for agricultural production. Designing the blueprint for the future green revolution necessitates the use of effective and sustainable methods that increase plant output while maintaining sustainability. The quest for more sustainable and greener alternative resulted in the second Green Revolution that is based on improving germplasm capable of better growth and output in low-fertility soils, and measures to conserve and enhance soil fertility. Its main focus is on improving root characteristics. Important root physiological traits like root architecture, length, diameter, hairs, cortical aerenchyma, exudates, ion transporters, symbiosis, hormones that play essential role in acquisition of soil resources which affect the plant and soil health. Microorganisms associated with rhizosphere improve association between plants and roots. Various root phenotyping technologies help in studying root characteristics which can be genetically altered to improve overall efficiency of plant. Emerging techniques like rhizosphere engineering and nanotechnology can effectively be applied for increasing food quality and quantity. The second Green Revolution will be a priority for plant biology in the twenty-first century due to population expansion, persistent soil deterioration, and rising chemical fertilizer costs.


Keywords


Green revolution, second green revolution, sustainable food production, root traits, plant physiology

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References


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