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An Overview on Cannabis and its Medical Applications
Abstract
Today, cannabis plant is raising interest in medical field due to its potential applications, for example, in antitumor drugs, to treat inflammation, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Cannabinoid receptors have a major role in the mechanism of cancer therapy. But in spite of its advantages in medical field, it has some disadvantages also. Due to lack of proper information, it may cause severe side effects. This paper reviews recent work on cannabis, its use, and side effects in medical treatments like cancer and cardiovascular disorders.
Keywords: cancer therapy, cannabinoids, cannabinol, marijuana
REFERENCES
[1] Ellert-Miklaszewska A, Kaminska B, Konarska L. Cannabinoids down-regulate PI3K/Akt and Erk signalling pathways and activate proapoptotic function of bad protein. Cell Signal. 2005; 17: 25–37p.
[2] Carracedo A, Lorente M, Egia A, Blázquez C, García S, Giroux V, Malicet C, Villuendas R, Gironella M, González-Feria L, Piris MA, Iovanna JL, Guzmán M, Velasco G. The stress-regulated protein p8 mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Cancer Cell. 2006; 9: 301–312p.
[3] Guzman M, Duarte MJ, Blazquez C, Ravina J, Rosa MC, Galve-Roperh I, Sánchez C, Velasco G, González-Feria L. A pilot clinical study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Br J Cancer. 2006; 95: 197–203p.
[4] Ruiz L, Miguel A, Diaz-Laviada I. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in human prostate PC-3 cells via a receptor-independent mechanism. FEBS Lett. 1999; 458: 400–404p.
[5] Nithipatikom K, Endsley MP, Isbell MA, Falck JR, Iwamoto Y, Hillard CJ, Campbell WB. 2-arachidonoylglycerol: a novel inhibitor of androgen-independent prostate cancer cell invasion. Cancer Res. 2004; 64: 8826–8830p.
[6] Mimeault M, Pommery N, Wattez N, Bailly C, Henichart JP. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human prostatic cancer cell lines: implication of epidermal growth factor receptor down-regulation and ceramide production. Prostate. 2003; 56: 1–12p.
[7] Sanchez MG, Sanchez AM, Ruiz-Llorente L, Diaz-Laviada I. Enhancement of androgen receptor expression induced by (R)-methanandamide in prostate LNCaP cells. FEBS Lett. 2003; 555: 561–566p.
[8] Ligresti A, Moriello AS, Starowicz K, Matias I, Pisanti S, De Petrocellis L, Laezza C, Portella G, Bifulco M, Di Marzo V. Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006; 318: 1375–1387p.
[9] McKallip RJ, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances breast cancer growth and metastasis by suppression of the antitumor immune response. J Immunol. 2005; 174: 3281–3289p.
[10] Mücke M, Weier M, Carter C, Copeland J, Degenhardt L, Cuhls H, Radbruch L, Häuser W, Conrad R. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018; 9(2): 220–234p.
[11] Sallan SE, Zinberg NE, Frei E 3rd. Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahyadrcanabinol in patients receiving cancer therapy. N Engl J Med. 1975; 293(16): 795–797p.
[12] Goyal H, Awad HH, Ghali JK. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2017; 9(7): 2079–92. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.06.104.
Keywords: cancer therapy, cannabinoids, cannabinol, marijuana
REFERENCES
[1] Ellert-Miklaszewska A, Kaminska B, Konarska L. Cannabinoids down-regulate PI3K/Akt and Erk signalling pathways and activate proapoptotic function of bad protein. Cell Signal. 2005; 17: 25–37p.
[2] Carracedo A, Lorente M, Egia A, Blázquez C, García S, Giroux V, Malicet C, Villuendas R, Gironella M, González-Feria L, Piris MA, Iovanna JL, Guzmán M, Velasco G. The stress-regulated protein p8 mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Cancer Cell. 2006; 9: 301–312p.
[3] Guzman M, Duarte MJ, Blazquez C, Ravina J, Rosa MC, Galve-Roperh I, Sánchez C, Velasco G, González-Feria L. A pilot clinical study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Br J Cancer. 2006; 95: 197–203p.
[4] Ruiz L, Miguel A, Diaz-Laviada I. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in human prostate PC-3 cells via a receptor-independent mechanism. FEBS Lett. 1999; 458: 400–404p.
[5] Nithipatikom K, Endsley MP, Isbell MA, Falck JR, Iwamoto Y, Hillard CJ, Campbell WB. 2-arachidonoylglycerol: a novel inhibitor of androgen-independent prostate cancer cell invasion. Cancer Res. 2004; 64: 8826–8830p.
[6] Mimeault M, Pommery N, Wattez N, Bailly C, Henichart JP. Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of anandamide in human prostatic cancer cell lines: implication of epidermal growth factor receptor down-regulation and ceramide production. Prostate. 2003; 56: 1–12p.
[7] Sanchez MG, Sanchez AM, Ruiz-Llorente L, Diaz-Laviada I. Enhancement of androgen receptor expression induced by (R)-methanandamide in prostate LNCaP cells. FEBS Lett. 2003; 555: 561–566p.
[8] Ligresti A, Moriello AS, Starowicz K, Matias I, Pisanti S, De Petrocellis L, Laezza C, Portella G, Bifulco M, Di Marzo V. Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006; 318: 1375–1387p.
[9] McKallip RJ, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances breast cancer growth and metastasis by suppression of the antitumor immune response. J Immunol. 2005; 174: 3281–3289p.
[10] Mücke M, Weier M, Carter C, Copeland J, Degenhardt L, Cuhls H, Radbruch L, Häuser W, Conrad R. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018; 9(2): 220–234p.
[11] Sallan SE, Zinberg NE, Frei E 3rd. Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahyadrcanabinol in patients receiving cancer therapy. N Engl J Med. 1975; 293(16): 795–797p.
[12] Goyal H, Awad HH, Ghali JK. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2017; 9(7): 2079–92. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.06.104.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijpb.v4i2.370
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