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Aspergillus niger for the Citric Acid Synthesis: A Review
Abstract
The final stages of carbon skeleton oxidative degradation for carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids are carried out in the mitochondrial hub known as the citric acid cycle. A coenzyme, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or flavin adenine dinucleotide, is reduced during each oxidative cycle (FADH2). These reduced coenzymes participate significantly to the electron transport chain and produce the large percentage of the ATP that is generated in the human body. Due to its many uses, citric acid has a significant economic potential. Aspergillus niger is mostly used in its microbial fermentation process. There is always a need for the study and development of better production methods and solutions to increase production yields and the effectiveness of product recovery in light of rising demand and developing markets. The production method must be ecologically sustainable while maintaining high production yields in order to support the massive scale of production. This can be done by utilising widely available and affordable agro-industrial waste materials. In order to support the enormous volume of production, the manufacturing process must be ecologically viable while maintaining high production yields. Utilizing widely accessible and reasonably priced agro-industrial waste products can achieved.
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