Mushrooms as Bioremediation Agents

Abstract

One of the major ecological issues confronting the world today is the contamination of soil, water and air by toxic chemicals accordingly of industrialization and broad utilization of pesticides in agribusiness. Burning is right now the best and regular remediation practice yet is exorbitant as far as money and energy utilized. A rapid cost effective and biologically capable technique for tidy up is “bioremediation” which uses small scale living beings to degrade dangerous pollutants in a proficient conservative approach. Toxic chemicals are degraded to less destructive structures. Inspite of the fact that, the bioremediation by microorganism’s operators has gotten consideration of laborers; the part of fungi has been deficiently contemplated. The capacity of organisms to transform a wide assortment of hazardous chemicals has excited enthusiasm for utilizing them for bioremediation. Mushroom shaping organisms (for the most part basidiomycetes), are among nature's most intense decomposers, discharging solid additional cell chemicals because of their forceful development and biomass production. These enzymes incorporate lignin peroxidases (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, and so on.
In this manner, carbon sources, for example, sawdust, straw and corn cob can be utilized to enhance degradation rates by these life forms at dirtied destinations. White decay organisms have been utilized for biotransformation of pesticides, degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and lignocellulolytic squanders in the mash and paper industry. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Agaricus bisporus, Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus among many mushrooms have been accounted for in the disinfecting of contaminated locales. In Nigeria, Lentinus squarrosulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius have been utilized in bioremediation of debased soils both in-situ and ex-situ. This paper highlights the utilization of contagious mycelia in bioremediation (myco-remediation) and studies on the employments of mushrooms for bioremediation.