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Lysosome-Graveyard of The Cell
Abstract
Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that absorb and destroy macromolecules from membrane-trafficking pathways such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic. Transient and full fusion events with lysosomes have been observed using live-cell imaging, and much of the protein machinery that coordinates these fusion events have been found using yeast genetics and mammalian cell-free systems. To escape being degraded by the lysosome, many pathogens that enter cells via endocytic pathways have evolved strategies to resist being degraded. However, lysosomes provide more than just protein degradation: they also merge with the plasma membrane upon cell damage and have secretory activities in some cell types. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation mechanism that has evolved. Many critical discoveries in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagosome production have been accomplished in recent years. However, the late stages of autophagy—the cellular activities that occur after the autolysosome is formed—are rarely investigated. The cellular process and molecular mechanism of autophagic lysosome reformation, a cellular event that marks the final stage of autophagy, were examined in this review.
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References
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