Studies on the Physicochemical Properties and Bioavailability of Nanoparticles in Drug  Encapsulation–A Review

DEBASREE GHOSH; Shreshtha Kanjilal

doi:10.37628/ijcbcp.v7i1.662

Studies on the Physicochemical Properties and Bioavailability of Nanoparticles in Drug Encapsulation–A Review

DEBASREE GHOSH, Shreshtha Kanjilal

Abstract

Nanotechnology plays an important role in the field of biomedicine which include nanoparticle containing drug development, drug delivery, diagnostic tests, vaccination and other different therapies. This article focused on the role of nano-carrier in drug encapsulation and delivery. Drugs which show poor bioavailability, poor solubility, nonspecific targeting ability and increased toxicity are encapsulated within nano-carriers depending on their physicochemical property, biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity etc. Entrapment within nanoparticle increases the bioavailability, solubility, circulation time, cellular uptake of the therapeutic agent and encapsulated drugs are also target specific, shows deceased toxic side effects and these drugs are internalised within the cell by active or passive targeting in a controlled manner which increases the therapeutic index of the drug. Drugs are encapsulated within different nano-carriers such as liposome (doxorubicin [2 mg/ml] an anticancer drug was added within 16 mg/ml liposomal concentration), micelles (Paclitaxel [0.025 mg/ml] an anticancer drug was added to 0.02 mg/ml micelle formulation), dendrimers, carbon nanotube (0.162 mg/ml) and other inorganic materials. This review briefly describes the unique structure of liposome, role of liposome on drug encapsulation and delivery, cancer therapy by liposomal formulation and different liposome containing anticancer, antibacterial drugs. Nanotechnology also plays an important role in the field of vaccination and diagnostic area. Nano-vaccines are very target specific and increase the immunogenic properties of the cell. However, the mechanisms of nanoparticle containing vaccination, different diagnostic tests are highlighted in this review.

Keywords

Nano carrier, drug encapsulation, biocompatibility, liposome, cancer therapy, mononuclear phagocytic system, vaccination.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37628/ijcbcp.v7i1.662

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