Evaluation of Chromosomal Aberrations in Bone Marrow Cells of Profenofos-Treated Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate profenofos genotoxicity in metaphasic chromosomes of bone marrow cells of female swiss albino mice. Six-week-old mice were put into different groups (six mice per group) and treatments were done according to experimental two doses of pesticides (viz. PLD15 i.e. Profenofos lower dose=3 mg/ml or 3000 ppm; and PHD30 i.e. Profenofos higher dose= 8 mg/ml or 8000 ppm) that were administrated for 15 and 30 days to two different groups of mice. Genotoxicity of pesticide was assessed in bone marrow cells of mice using chromosomal aberration assay. The result reveals that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, i.e. structural and numerical changes, occurred to a statistical accepted level in both treatment groups. Higher exposure had somewhat more impact in comparison to lower dose treatment.

Keywords: bone marrow cells, genotoxic, profenofos, Swiss albino mice
REFRENCES
[1] Chirions D, Geraud-Pouey F. Effectors de algunos insecticides sobre rentomofauna. Interciencia. 1996; 21: 31--36p.
[2] Coutinho CFB, Tanimoto ST, Galli A, Garbellini GS, Takayama M, Amaral RB, Mazo LH, Avaca LA, Machado SAS. Pesticidas: mecanismo de ação, degradação e toxidez. Pesticidas: Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente 2005; 15: 65--72p.
[3] Diez MC. Biological aspects involved in the degradation of organic pollutants. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 2010; 10: 244--267p.
[4] Gomes J, Dawodu AH, Lloyd O, Revitt DM, Anilal, SV. Hepatic injury and disturbed amino acid metabolism in mice following prolonged exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1999; 18(1): 33--37p.
[5] Jeyaratnam J. Acute pesticide poisoning: a major global health problem. World Health Stat Q. 1990; 43: 139–144p.
[6] Perston RJ, Dean BJ, Galloways S, Holden H, MeFee AF, Schelby M. Mammalian in-vivo, cytogenic assay. Analysis of chromosome aberrations on bone marrow cells. Mutat Res. 1987; 168: 47--65p.
[7] El-Nabarawy IM, Abou-Donia MA, Amra HA. Determination of profenofos and malathion residues in fresh tomatoes and paste. Egypt J Appl Sci. 1992; 7: 106–111p.
[8] Soliman KM. Changes in concentration of pesticide residues in potatoes during washing and home preparation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001; 39(8): 887–891p.
[9] Sultatos LG. Mammalian toxicity of organophosphorus pesticide. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1994; 43(3): 271--289p.
[10] Fawzy I, Zakaria I, Hamza A, Ihab A. The effect of an organophosphorous insecticide on the hepatic, renal and pulmonary tissues of Gavrilescu M. Fate of pesticides in the environment and its bioremediation. Engg Life Sci. 2005; 5: 497--525p.
[11] Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Phillips MR, Konradsen F. The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2007; 7: 357p.
[12] Adler ID. Cytogenetic tests in mammals. In: Venitt S, Parry JM, editors. Mutagenicity Testing: A Practical Approach. Oxford: IRL Press; 1984. 275p.
[13] Agarwal DK, Chauhan LK, Gupta SK, Sundararaman V. Cytogenetic effects of deltamethrin on rat bone marrow. Mutat Res. 1994; 311: 133--138p.
[14] Tyrkiel EB, Wiadrowska JK, Ludwicki JK. Comparative study of the effect of synthetic pyrethroids on the induction on genetic changes in mice somatic and sex cells depending on exposure route. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2001; 52(2): 97--109p.
[15] Anderson SJ. Compositional changes in surface mycoflora during ripening of naturally fermented sausages. J Food Protect. 1995; 58: 426--429p.
[16] Kligerman AD, Doerr CL, Tennant AH, Peng B. Cytogenetic studies of three triazine herbicides. II. In vivo micronucleus studies in mouse bone marrow. Mutat Res. 2000; 471: 107--112p.
[17] Verma R, Awasthi KK, John PJ, Soni I. Evaluation of cytogenetic effects of -cyfluthrin in Swiss albino mice. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2013; 2(6): 30--40p.
[18] Tyrkiel, E. B, Wiadrowska, J. K. and Ludwicki, J. K. Comparative study of the effect of synthetic pyrethroids on the induction on genetic changes in mice somatic and sex cells depending on exposure route. RoczPanstwZaklHig. 2001; 52 (2): 97-109p.