Photonic Crystals – A Review

Abstract

Photonic crystals are periodically arrayed electromagnetic media, commonly having possessing photonic band gaps: ranges of frequency in which light cannot propagate through the structure. This periodicity, where the length scale is proportional to the wavelength of light in the band gap, is the electromagnetic analogue of a crystalline atomic lattice, where the latter acts on the electron wave function to make the familiar band gaps, semiconductors, and so on, of solid-state physics. The study of photonic crystals is typically governed by the Bloch-Floquet theorem, and intentionally introduced defects in the crystal (analogous to electronic dopants) give rise to localized electromagnetic states: linear waveguides and point-like cavities.

Keywords: band gaps, electromagnetic, lattice, physics, photonic crystals

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